How Old Do You Need to Be to Scuba Dive

Most scuba diving certification organizations offer scuba diving courses for children as young as 8 years of age. For some children, this may be an appropriate age to start diving, for others it may not. In fact, whether or not children should be allowed to scuba dive is a matter of debate in the scuba diving community. Not all children who want to learn to dive are mature enough to pursue the sport, and many dive instructors feel that teaching kids to scuba dive is unnecessarily risky. No conclusive studies on the physiological effects of scuba diving on a childs developing body have been completed. The purpose of this article is to provide information about scuba courses for kids, but you can read more about whether or not kids  should  dive here:  Is Scuba Diving Safe for Kids? How Old Do You Have to Be to Scuba Dive? A general industry standard is: †¢ 8 years old to learn to scuba dive in a pool†¢ 10 years old to become a certified scuba diver What Sort of Scuba Courses Are Available for Kids Aged 8-10? A variety of kids scuba courses exist. The shortest of these courses is the one-session try dive during which children are taught the extreme basics needed to keep them safe (ear equalization, hand signals, etc) and then allowed to play in a pool under the supervision of an instructor. In-depth, multi-day courses are also available for young kids. These courses differ from adult courses in that they teach scuba diving skills and dive theory in smaller, simpler increments broken up over many short classes. For example, a one hour-long class may focus on mask clearing, while another entire session is dedicated to learning to use the buoyancy compensator. The students are confined to shallow water (usually no deeper than 12 feet or 4 meters) in a highly-controlled environment such as a swimming pool. Scuba Diving Certification Courses for Kids Aged 10 and 11 While 10 and 11-year-olds are welcome to enroll in the childrens courses listed above, they may also pursue a scuba diving certification. Most scuba organizations now offer open water certification for kids beginning at age 10. Children who enroll in these courses must read the same materials and take the same examinations as adults. Whether or not a child will excel in  a certification course will depend on his reading level as well as other factors. A child who successfully completes the open water course will receive a junior certification. The certification requires the same course work as an adult certification. However, a junior certification has certain limitations placed upon it. For children aged 10 and 11, these restrictions include always diving with a scuba certified parent /guardian or a dive professional, and never descending below a maximum depth of 40 feet. A junior certification can be upgraded to an adult certification at age 15 without further training. Scuba Diving Certification Courses for Kids Aged 12 to 14 Kids aged 12 to 14 may enroll in a variety of junior scuba diving certification courses. Most scuba agencies offer junior versions of their adult courses, including open water/ basic certifications, advanced certifications, rescue diver certifications, and even specialty courses. Children aged 12-14 may not lead dives or act as assistants to scuba instructors. Junior certifications for children aged 12-14 also have depth and supervision restrictions; however, they are not quite as strict as the restrictions for younger children. Most training organizations limit children aged 12-14 to a maximum depth of 60 feet for the junior open water certified divers. Some organizations allow junior advanced open water divers to descend to 72 feet. In all cases, kids aged 12-14 must dive with a certified adult or dive professional. All junior certifications may be upgraded (in most cases without additional training) when the child reaches 15 years of age. Links to courses designed for kids aged 8-12 and 10-14: †¢ PADI Junior Scuba Certifications†¢Ã‚  SSI Junior Diving Programs†¢Ã‚  SDI Programs The Take-Home Message About Scuba Diving Lessons for Kids Most scuba diving certification organizations offer scuba diving classes for kids as young as 8 years old. Younger children are allowed to snorkel but are prohibited from breathing compressed air. Children as young as 10 years old may pursue certification provided they are physically, emotionally, and intellectually capable of completing the same course as adults. Junior certifications have depth and supervision limitations which can be removed when the child is 15 by upgrading his certification.

How Tolkien s The Silmarillion Is Rife With Battles...

Tolkien’s The Silmarillion is rife with battles between good and evil, these diametric ideals are what make this fantasy mockup of the bible a compelling and interesting book. The relationships between different peoples and the tension those relationships create are fueled by the binary opposition of what is considered good and evil. Tolkien was a literary scholar and payed abrupt attention to the appellation of places and people and the affect the supposed locution of the cultural groups within the novel. A central element that drives the work’s exploration of its theme includes suggestions of the dualism of good and evil and the different ways evil corrupts good. The opening of â€Å"Ainulindalà «Ã¢â‚¬  establishes the potential for a dualist†¦show more content†¦Aule, one of the Valar, opposes Iluvatar by attempting to create life, same as Melkor. Unlike Melkor, Aule is humble and begs forgiveness, willing to destroy his creation to regain to good gra ces of Iluvatar. As described in Ainulindalà « Aule’s are an imitation of Ilà ºvatar’s, Tolkien makes it clear that only Ilà ºvatar can create true life, perhaps best described here as beings with souls. (Fry, 2015) The Dwarves exist only as projections of their maker until Ilà ºvatar gives them independent thought, in this action he both forgives Aule for his defiance and adopts the dwarves as his own. Ilà ºvatar’s accepting and tolerating the making of the Dwarves closes the short-term binary opposition of the two creators, so both Aule and his creations are once again, a singular structure which stands with what is considered good. Iluvatar, however, does not allow the dwarves to interfere with his vision for whom the first born should be so the Dwarves are put to sleep under mountains until after the Elves awaken. The start of the third book, the Quenta Silmarillion, begins with a strife between Tulkas and Melkor. Tulkas is described as a wrathful, angry being in the same sentence he is mentioned laughing. Both his laughter and wrath caused Melkor to flee, taking clouds and darkness with him. As easy as it is to imagine a

Climate Change The United States - 948 Words

Today, people in the United States and around the world face a changing climate that threatens our way of life. An increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather conditions poses a threat to food security, infrastructure and economic affluence. In the United States, climatologists from the United Nations project that a seven-degree Fahrenheit increase in average temperatures will cause more frequent droughts affecting agriculture in the Midwest and more severe and frequent tropical storms and hurricanes affecting major cities along both coasts (â€Å"Climate† 7). Addressing these issues will require rigorous cuts in greenhouse emissions. The implementation of a comprehensive economic policy that includes the use of cap-and-trade markets, carbon taxation, and clean energy subsidies is one step toward addressing the increasingly-critical issue of climate change. The United States economy is heavily dependent on carbon-based fuels like oil, coal and natural gas. In 2013 greenhouse emissions totaled 6.672 billion metric tons, of which 4.290 billion can be attributed to corporate activity (â€Å"Overview†). To decrease greenhouse emissions, a cap-and-trade policy can be implemented. Such a policy works to artificially limit the supply of carbon-based fuels. Suppose that the natural supply of these fuels allows for the 6.672 billion metric tons of greenhouse emissions produced in 2013. With the cap-and-trade policy in place, an artificial supply is determined to progress toward aShow MoreRelatedClimate Change And The United States1574 Words   |  7 Pagesreport will analyze climate change and the initiative that the United States is taking in the Arctic. If ignored, climate change poses serious problems for the world’s population in the near future. The increasing amount of media regarding the severity of climate change has pushe d researchers for answers. The report will explore the causes of climate change, how climate change is affecting the ecology, economy and people in the Alaskan Arctic, and possible solutions to the climate changing. 1.2 BackgroundRead MoreClimate Change And The United States928 Words   |  4 Pagesaround 600 tons of carbon dioxide emissions (Saidur, Rahim, Islam, Solangi, 2011). Therefore, it is easy to see that the widespread use of wind power can help mitigate climate change. This is critical to help stop climate change and the United States is uniquely positioned to be the leader in curbing climate. When the United States starts heavily investing in alternative energy sources other countries will likely follow suit, which will be key to reducing global emissions. Another benefit to windRead MoreClimate Change : The United States1141 Words   |  5 PagesIntro 2 climate change Not two weeks ago, I was floating on a noodle, beer in hand, life and conversation good; when the topic of climate change came up and I was presented with an opportunity to ponder why people see the same things so differently. It started when a new friend seemed unaware and untroubled that 2016 is on track to be the hottest year on record, making it the third year in a row to set this record. When I asked if he believed climate change was happening, he said that he did, butRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The United States1583 Words   |  7 PagesThe Discordant Applications of the Common But Differentiated Responsibilities Doctrine as a Hindrance to Climate Change Policy Climate change looms large over our rapidly growing and continually changing world. No longer are the adverse effects of this menacing global issue a mere ominous projections, they are starting to become a very concrete reality. Countries are today experiencing rising sea levels, which compromises coastal infrastructure, prolonged drought, squeezing food supply and agriculturalRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The United States981 Words   |  4 Pagescause damage. As storms continue to grow stronger, that figure will continue to rise. Though the destruction of climate change can be seen globally with storms, wildfires, and oil depletion, Popular support for environmental movements and policies is minimal. The numbers needed to make a difference are not there. From 2008 to 2010, the number of Americans who believed in climate change dropped to 57%. While shocking, there is an array of psychological reasons for the lack of support. Ordinary citizensRead MoreThe Effects Of C limate Change On The United States1131 Words   |  5 PagesOur climate plays an important role in human societies and affects agriculture, ecosystems, our natural environment and our health. Human activities such as pollution and deforestation, has changed the climate as a whole, leading to an increased amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide to enter the atmosphere. The effects of this has led to higher sea levels, loss of sea ice and an increase in heat waves across the globe. A recent report released by the Environmental Protection AgencyRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The United States1397 Words   |  6 Pagescontinued growth of GHG emissions could cause global average temperatures to increase by another 4 °C or more by 2100 and by 1.5 to 2 times as much in many midcontinent and far northern locations (1). Although our understanding of the impacts of climate change is increasingly and disturbingly clear, there is still debate about the proper course for U.S. policy—a debate that is very much on display during the current presidential transition. But putting near-term politics aside, the mounting economicRead MoreGlobal Climate Change : The United States Of America1260 Words   |  6 Pagessecurity threats to the United States of America have had to face. The perils of climate change have the ability to impact the national interest concerning power, prosperity and peace. The continued challenges around the world, and domestically, it is critical the US implements a comprehensive grand strategy. Cooperative security gives the US the best possibility to achieve the goals that will lessen the effects and place the US ahead of the international agenda. Combating climate change will require successfulRead MoreClimate Change : The United States Of America And Germany1991 Words   |  8 PagesThe discussions surrounding climate change have been given significance in the recent decade, owing to the drastic changes in climate patterns as well as the realization of the reality of climate change in various nations. Around the globe, countries are responding to the climate question using various policies aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change as well as reducing the causal effects of the shifts in climate. Various nations have put in place policies that are continuously analyzedRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Climate Change On The United States1428 Words   |  6 Pagesidea of global climate change is like sayi ng that they do not believe in science. About 200 nations, including the United States, have all come to the conclusion that climate change is indeed a real and that we, human-beings, have become responsible for finding a solution to this precarious situation that we have put ourselves in. However, there is still a small population of people that believe that there is nothing we can do to forestall the destructive effects of global climate change. To retract

Analysis Of Angela Lee Duckworth s The Pillow Talk

Pillow Talk Have you ever laid your head down on your pillow after a long tired day at work, after all the tedious tasks of everyday life and asked yourself, am I living a well lived life or am I here just wasting space? It might appear as a question without an answer; by the end of this essay you will poses the key to the answer. While attending college after 8 years on break I recently rediscovered what it means to live eloquently and with tenacity, this has lead me to be blissful. You can find out what your motion in life is and what it means to not be insignificant in life. It is crucial to have grit, ethics, and empathy in order to live a meaningful life. If you have ever said to yourself, I have no determination in life, I fall flat in everything I attempt; if we all gave up at the sight of failure, no one would ever realize whichever goals they have in life. Angela Lee Duckworth tells Deborah Perkins-Gough that being gritty or having grit is to be resilient in the face of failure or adversity. If you live by a code, of, â€Å"If I can’t do it the first time I will not try again† you will never undertake anything. Many studies have been conducted that explicitly say successful people are not just smart, but also strong in the face of challenges. In the article, â€Å"What if the secret to success is failure?† Levine collaborates, â€Å"The students who persisted in college were not necessarily the ones who had excelled academically at KIPP; they were the ones who were able to

Standards of Rating Hotels in Russia Free Essays

Intro  : â€Å"There are no international unified standards for awarding stars to hotels,† said Sergei Korneyev, director for the northwest at the Russian Tourism Industry Union. * Each country has its own system, and it is very inconvenient for tourists, since, for example, Egyptian stars differ from European ones. There have been many misunderstandings. We will write a custom essay sample on Standards of Rating Hotels in Russia or any similar topic only for you Order Now WHAT IS :An hotel ranking is a system, taking into account a full range of factors including quality of accommodation, range of amenities, standards of service, atmosphere and prices as well as customers experience, and feedback in order to classify hotels There are currently about 30 national systems of hotel classification around the world. * Among them are the letters system used in Greece and the crowns system used in the U. K. , though the most widespread system is the star classification * While all hotels in Moscow claim a specific number of stars, there is no reliable, universal system of classification in operation. This can often lead to unrealistic expectations, disappointment, and it may be hard to know what to expect from your hotel in terms of standards, services, and amenities as a first-time travelers to Russia. Suchi Hotels first and then the entire country of Russia * Since July 2010 Sochi hotels were obliged to classify themselves by the demands of the International Olympic Committee (classification as the country gears up to host the 2014 Winter Olympic Games). The Governor of Krasnodar region decided to first expand this requirement to the whole region and now to the whole country. As new legislation passes, starting this summer season of 2012 only star-rated hotels were able to accommodate tourists. A little bit of History: * The first attempts to introduce classification standards in Russia were made in the Soviet era. In 1984, a document was drawn up dividing hotels into seven categories. The regulation existed until 1994 and was followed by three more certification documents. Finally, in 2005, a new system of state classification of hotels and guesthouses was launched, taking into account European experience. Previously, Russian hotels obtained star-category classification on a voluntary basis, but obtaining certification became obligatory after an order signed in June 2010. * There are 471 officially certified hotels in Russia — about 10 percent of the total number of 4,500 hotels, according to data from the Federal Tourism Agency. From Yesterday to Today: Review of the principal changes * It appears that often ‘stars’ in Russia were given after considering formalities and did not reflect real comfort and service level. The main difference between the new and old classification systems is that, now, the expert appraisal and assignment of a Hotel to a particular category will be carried out by special organizations accredited by government agencies * Prior the classification of Hotels in Russia was carried out under a voluntary classification system that was approved by the Federal Agency for Tourism (Rosturizm) in 2005 and largely based on standards and rules that were set back in the 1990s * Many hotels that are located in old buildings will need to invest a lot in engineering infrastructure and additional facilities to get the nece ssary number of points to obtain the certification and get the stars they want. Hotel Assesment Criteria: Each hotel will be awarded a number of points depending on the number of rooms and the services offered. * The requirements, relate to various aspects of Hotel operations: layout, condition of rooms, range and quality of services offered, etc. * For example: -A standard single room in a â€Å"five-star† hotel must be at least 14 m? in area, and the Hotel must also have a conference room with the relevant equipment. The waiting time for an elevator in four- and five-star hotels should be no more than 30 seconds, or 45 seconds in a three-star hotel. * The classification will be a paid procedure, and mandatory certification is expected to cost less than voluntary classification about ( today $1,500 for three- to four-star hotels with less than 100 rooms) * Hotels that fail to declare their status under the new rules will pay a fine, * Hotels without certification won’t have the right to use their unofficial rating in advertisements, and furthermor e, limits may be applied to the activity of such hotels * ————————————————- Certificates will be issued for five years, but hotels will have to reaffirm their status twice a year. Just a few more things to remind: (only on the power point) Luxury Hotels * world-class 5-star hotels * Either  Historic Moscow Hotels  or Moscow branches of well-known international brands at the very top of the hotel market. Deluxe Hotels * executive standard 4-star or 5-star hotels * Must be centrally situated. Superior Hotels * International 4-star ratings. * If  Superior Hotels  are not centrally located, then they must have good transport links to the city. Standard Hotels * International 3-star standards, including many new or fully renovated Russian hotels.   Standard Hotels are rarely central Tourist Class Hotels * Often built in the Soviet period, hotels of this class may not be fully renovated. * Representing the cheapest accommodation widely available in Russia * International 2-star standards * Situated in modern buildings in the suburbs. Budget Hotels * low-cost accommodation * No services are guaranteed. Conclusion: Classifications under the new system: mandatory or voluntary? * At present, the new classification system is applicable to all Hotels, but is mandatory only for Hotels offering the relevant services within the municipality of the city/resort of Sochi. * We note that the changes to he Hotel classification rules and the mandatory classification procedure for certain Hotels is without any doubt related to the XXII Olympic Winter Games being held in Russia. * We believe that the overall trend for the introduction of international standards in many sectors in Russia is connected with the ambition to join the World Trade Organization. For the Future: What’s next? * The World Hotel Rating (WHR) project, aims at setting international classification standards and rating criteria along the lines of a world star-rating system. * This project will establish an information platform on the hotel industry which will be multilingual and multicultural. * WHR intends to play a key role in the development of quality hotel services How to cite Standards of Rating Hotels in Russia, Papers

Consumer Behaviour for Journal of Current Research - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theConsumer Behaviour for Journal of Current Research. Answer: The concept of consumer behaviour refers to the purchasing habit of the customers present in any market. There are various features, factors and particularities present in a market that influence the decision of the customers while making a buying decision. It is a study of the groups, organisation and primarily the individuals associated in the purchasing activity. It also includes the usage and disposal of the goods along with services. Consumer behaviour also comprises of the emotional, psychological and behavioural responses which precede as well as follow their purchasing decisions and activities (Erevelles, Fukawa Swayne, 2016). Proper understanding of consumer behaviour is a part of art as well as part of science because both this sides play vital roles in the success of marketing of a company or brand. Consumers are manipulated by various reasons. The chief factors influencing the purchasing decisions of a mobile phone is quire complicated as the consumers by them for daily use (Rani, 2014). Mobile phone is one of the most important materials for consideration. First of all, before buying the mobile phone I considered that why should I need a mobile and was much confused with the fact that whether I should buy any feature phone or an iPhone. For personal use I was much concerned with the call, text and email facilities. All of these are common in any other phones. Then comes the factor of operating systems on which the entire validity of smart phones depends. Beside these the consumers consider the battery life, camera quality and most importantly the overall cost. My choice was always an iPhone because it provides teraflops of music and thousands of movies. Moreover, it can be synchronised with the Apple watches. Choosing a university is completely different from choosing a product from the market because it will be a question of my future career. For making a decision, I first made a list of the universities that have sufficient programs and scopes in my discipline. Next I considered whether the professors at that universities are renowned in their fields. Whether they have doctorate degrees and even get their books published. These professors are to be approachable for the students at the time of academic difficulties. Major factor for me was to check the overall result of the students of that university. The university of my choice must be providing scope for research to their students. Finally, I considered the cost of living in that city and wanted to find any friends or relatives studying or having acquaintance with the same university. Choosing a restaurant is quite easy to decide. It first of all depends on the mood I am in for wither a type of food or type of cuisine. Secondly, I check whether the restaurant has good price matching its offered quantity of food. I always prefer a suitable restaurant location for eating which will have a good ambience. People always prefer those restaurants which offer great variety of items and offer special prices. Selecting of a restaurant depends on the people I am going with to have my meal. Finally, I choose a place where I can go very often. As the study of consumer behaviour discloses, the fact that there are four major theories that every marketer must know before they market their services or products (East et al., 2016) These are theory of reasoned action where the consumer acts based on their intentions to create as well as receive a specific result; EKB model that discloses the five steps followed by any customers before making a buying decision; the motivation need theory that encourages the consumers to get knowledge about any product and then purchase; finally, the Hawkins Stern model that refers to the impulse of the customers for buying a product or avail a service (Solomon et al., 2014). All these concepts are quite matches with my behaviour as a consumer. In some cases, we go deeper in researching about the product and sometimes we just follow our impulses to buy. References: East, R., Singh, J., Wright, M., Vanhuele, M. (2016).Consumer behaviour: Applications in marketing. Sage. Erevelles, S., Fukawa, N., Swayne, L. (2016). Big Data consumer analytics and the transformation of marketing.Journal of Business Research,69(2), 897-904. Rani, P. (2014). Factors influencing consumer behaviour.International journal of current research and academic review,2(9), 52-61. Solomon, M. R., Dahl, D. W., White, K., Zaichkowsky, J. L., Polegato, R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Pearson.

Managing Diversity and Equal Opportunity Management

Question: You are a HR manager in a small to medium size organisation. The Managing Director has asked you to review the salaries of all the male and female managers as she has become aware of the burgeoning pay gap between men and women in the workplace. You conduct an audit and discover that the pay differential between the male and female managers is significant. The male managers salaries are 15% higher than those of the female managers. You are required to produce a report with recommendations on how the company will address the pay differential between male and female managers. Answer: Introduction The report is based on the context of maintaining equality in the workplace of the various organisations across the globe. The entire report focuses on the article published in the BBC news regarding the statistics of the differentials between the pay of male and female employees in the workplace of the organisations operating in the United Kingdom. The report focuses on some of the legislations which have been established in the society to ensure the maintenance of equality and diversity in the workplace of the organisations (Kirton, 2010). The presence of inequality causes the employees to be treated differently based on a number of factors. In some cases, the gender of the employees becomes one of the factors which causes the employees to be treated differently by the management of the organisation. In this report, we focus on such situations in which the employees in the workplace of the organisations are treated in different way and also given different number of opportunities. There are a number of legislations established in the United Kingdom and Europe which forces the organisations to maintain diversity and equality in the workplace of the organisations, which in turn allows the employees of the organisation to have an effective and efficient workplace of complete various business functions assigned to them. The equality act of 2010 implemented in the United Kingdom requires the management of the organisations operating in the country to maintain equality and diversity in the workplace for the employees. This law for equality is based on a number of previous laws such as the sex discrimination act of 2002 (Mullins, 2007). The provided case could be related to the gender equality law established in Europe which has received updates in the year of 2013. This law forces the organisations operating in the country of Europe to treat the employees in equal way in terms of the salaries, bonuses, behaviours, facilities, benefits, rights and responsibilities. We will go into a deeper level of these amendments to analyse the situation in the small to medium size organisation regarding the differences between the pay grades and bonuses on the male and female employees. In the process of analysing and solving the situation in the small to medium size organisation provided to us, the report will further analyse the various amendments for maintaining diversity and equality in the workplace of the organisations operating in the United Kingdom (Pynes, 2008). Analysis Equal Pay Act 1970 The Equal Pay Act was one of the first legislations of the government of the United Kingdom against the differential behaviour to the male and female employees in terms of payment, bonus or employment conditions. The act was established in the year of 1970 against the differences present in the workplace of the organisations operating at that time in the markets of the United Kingdom (Shen, 2009). The Equal Pay Act of 1970 has received a number of updates over the years and has been superseded by the Equality Act of 2010, which requires all the organisations operating in the United Kingdom to gain and maintain the diversity in the workplace of the organisation. This diversity in the workplace of the organisations operating in the United Kingdom results by treating all the employees in similar and equal way in terms of various concepts of employment, which in turn allows all the employees to feel equal in terms of a number of factors. The significance of the Equal Pay Act of 1970 and various updates it received along with time can be defined in terms of the features and rights provided to the employees of the organisation in the situations of being treated differently. The various updates of this act along with it allow the employees to claim against the management of an organisation or the supervisors in the organisation based on a number of factors. The presence of a number of these factors and situations allows the employees to claim against this act. Some of these conditions and situations are mentioned in this section according to the actual content of the Equal Pay Act of 1970 (Stevens, 2008). The employee who has similar work in comparison to the other employees working in the organisation is allowed to claim against this Equal Pay Act of 1970, which in turn causes the management of the organisation to become responsible for the claim against any of the managers or supervisors working in the any of the business functions included in the business model of the organisation. The employee is also allowed to claim under this act if the evaluation of the work done by the him or her is similar or better than the evaluation of the work done by all the other employees in the organisation (Herring, 2009). The employee in the workplace of an organisation is allowed to make a claim under this act of employment if the work done by the employee allows the organisation to gain similar value or revenue in comparison to the other employees in the workplace of the organisation. This act of employment allows the employees in the workplace of an organisation to have a right of a pay equal to the employees having similar work with the creation of similar values (Wajcman, 2013). The updates of this act also includes a number of occupations which are not covered by this act of employment, such as ministers of religion, monks, priests, actors, models etc. Ethical obligations The previous section of the report focused on the legal obligations of the organisations operating in the industries of the United Kingdom to maintain diversity and equality in the workplace. But the responsibilities of the organisations to gain and maintain diversity and equality in the workplace of the organisation should not be just a legal obligations to the management of the organisation. This section focuses on the responsibilities of the organisations to maintain diversity and equality in the workplace as the ethical obligation. The business ethics is defined as the framework which allows the management of the organisation to maintain the quality of the business processes in the workplace (Zanoni, 2010). According to the implemented framework of business ethics, the management of the organisations develop and implement a number of strategies and guidelines which allow them to gain and maintain equality in the workplace. The implementation of the business ethics allows the empl oyees in the organisation to feel more confident and involved in the business model of the organisation. These guidelines and best practices developed by the organisations and various other regulatory bodies in the societies across the operating countries require the management of the organisation to gain and maintain equality in the workplace of the organisation. So the maintenance of diversity and equality in the workplace of the organisation is also an ethical obligation of the management of the organisation (Freeman, 2010). Factors causing pay differentials There are a number of factors which causes the differences in the payment to the male and female employees in the workplace of the organisation. The social factor which causes the differential pay between the male and female employees of the organisation could be a result of the social values of the country in which the organisation is operating. The people living in the societies across the globe have different values and beliefs which could also allow them to believe the work done by the males to have more work than the work done by the females. The industrial factor which causes the differential pay between the males and females in the workplace of the organisation is the notion of more capability of the male employees to complete the business activities in the corresponding industry (Eagly, 2010). Another organisational factor causing the differential pay between the males and females in the workplace of the organisation is the monopoly of the managerial employees in the workplace of the organisations. Current initiatives There are a number of initiatives in the industries of the United Kingdom which aims at addressing the gender gap in the industries across the country. The government of the country has developed and implemented a number of strategies and guidelines which requires the organisation to maintain equality (Dobbin, 2009). The organisations operating in the industries in the United Kingdom have to comply with a number of best practices which in turn allows the management of the organisations to maintain equality in the workplace. There a number of public and private sector agencies which aim at the presence and maintenance of equality and diversity in the workplace of the organisations. Strategy This section of the report focuses on the strategy which allows the management of the organisation to maintain a non-disciplinary pay structure within the organisation. This strategy allows the management of the organisation to define the pay structure of the employees in terms of a number of factors such as the market value of the skills held by the individuals and the relative value of the various business functions completed by the individual in the workplace of the organisation (Barak, 2013). The management of the organisation should define the pay structure of the entire organisation based on the roles and responsibilities held and maintained by the employees working in the various business functions across the entire organisation. The management of the organisation should also have a business ethics framework implemented in the workplace which in turn allows the pay structure to be independent of the gender of the employees of the organisation. Conclusion The presence of inequality causes the employees to be treated differently based on a number of factors. In some cases, the gender of the employees becomes one of the factors which causes the employees to be treated differently by the management of the organisation. In this report, we focus on such situations in which the employees in the workplace of the organisations are treated in different way and also given different number of opportunities (Bateman, 2011). The report included a number of legislations established in the United Kingdom and Europe which forces the organisations to maintain diversity and equality in the workplace of the organisations, which in turn allows the employees of the organisation to have an effective and efficient workplace of complete various business functions assigned to them. The entire report allowed us to analyse and understand the concepts related to the equality and diversity in the workplace of the organisations operating across the country of the United Kingdom. This allows us to look into the issue present in the small to medium sized organisation for which I am appointed as the human resource manager. The next section of the report includes a number of recommendations which allow the management of the organisation to maintain diversity and equality in the workplace of the organisation (Avery, 2007). Recommendations This section of the report mentions a number of recommendations which allow the management of the organisation to maintain diversity and equality in the workplace of the organisation. The management of the organisation should have effective framework implemented in the workplace of the organisation which allows the employees to be treated equally. The management should ensure the awareness regarding the effects of inequality in the workplace on the business of the organisation among the senior managers of the organisation (Ahmed, 2007). The management of the small to medium sized business should develop and implement effective and efficient rewards program which allows the employees in the workplace to be cautious and motivated to treat all of their fellow co-workers equally. The management of the organisation should focus on the process of maintaining diversity in the organisation by allowing the human resources program to allow the recruitment of diverse people into the organisation. The management of the organisation should focus on increasing the pay grade of the female employees depending on their performances in the business processes. This allows the pay gap between the employees of different gender to be closed a bit. This allows us to understand the process of maintaining the pay scale in the organisation. The management should develop and implement a strategy to efficiently increase the pay of the female employees and decrease the pay of the male employees to close the gender gap in the payment in the organisation (Colgan, 2007). References Ahmed, S. 2007. The language of diversity. Ethnic and Racial studies, 30(2), 235-256. Avery, D. R., McKay, P. F., Wilson, D. C., Tonidandel, S. 2007. Unequal attendance: The relationships between race, organizational diversity cues, and absenteeism. Personnel Psychology, 60(4), 875-902. Barak, M. E. M. 2013. Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Bateman, T. S., Snell, S. 2011. Management: Leading collaborating in a competitive world. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Colgan, F., Creegan, C., McKearney, A., Wright, T. 2007. Equality and diversity policies and practices at work: lesbian, gay and bisexual workers. Equal Opportunities International, 26(6), 590-609. Dobbin, F. 2009. Inventing equal opportunity. Princeton University Press. Eagly, A. H., Chin, J. L. 2010. Diversity and leadership in a changing world. American Psychologist, 65(3), 216. Freeman, R. E. 2010. Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge University Press. Herring, C. 2009. Does diversity pay?: Race, gender, and the business case for diversity. American Sociological Review, 74(2), 208-224. Kirton, G., Greene, A. M. 2010. The dynamics of managing diversity. Routledge. Mullins, L. J. 2007. Management and organisational behaviour. Pearson Education. Pynes, J. E. 2008. Human resources management for public and nonprofit organizations: A strategic approach (Vol. 30). John Wiley Sons. Shen, J., Chanda, A., D'Netto, B., Monga, M. 2009. Managing diversity through human resource management: An international perspective and conceptual framework. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(2), 235-251. Stevens, F. G., Plaut, V. C., Sanchez-Burks, J. 2008. Unlocking the benefits of diversity all-inclusive multiculturalism and positive organizational change. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 44(1), 116-133. Wajcman, J. 2013. Managing like a man: Women and men in corporate management. John Wiley Sons. Zanoni, P., Janssens, M., Benschop, Y., Nkomo, S. M. 2010. Unpacking diversity, grasping inequality: Rethinking difference through critical perspectives.